Abstract

IMRD format: Introduction/Method/Results/Discussion

Move 1(I): Provide the background and state the research aim or purpose

Move 2(M): Describe the procedures and techniques used in the study

Move 3®: Present the key findings of the study

Move 4(D): Interpret the results and explain their significance/ implications/ recommendations

每个部分使用的时态：

I: Past/Present

M: Past

R: Past

D: Present

Future(对未来展望)：future e.g. Future studies should explore the impact of … 都用should

Type of Abstract

Informative

Descriptive

Structured

Move Signals in IMRD Abstract

Introduction:

  • This study aims to investigate/analyze/report on/explain …
  • The research/present study explores/examines/focuses on …

Method:

  • Data were collected using …
  • Face-to-face interviews were conducted to …
  • A quantitative descriptive approach was used/employed to …
  • A combined qualitative and quantitative methodological method was adopted to …

Result:

  • The results showed/indicated that …
  • Respondents reported …
  • The experimental data suggested that …

Discussion:

  • The findings suggest that …
  • It is evidently clear from the findings that …
  • The results of this study support the view that …
  • The findings can contribute to a better understanding of …
  • The present results highlight the importance of …
  • Future research should explore/focus on …